Glutathione plays an important role in preventingoxidative damageto the skin.In addition to its many recognized biological functions, glutathione has also been associated with skin lightening ability.The role of glutathione as a skin whitener was discovered as a side effect of large doses of glutathione.Glutathione utilizes different mechanisms to exert its action as a skin whitening agent at various levels ofmelanogenesis. It inhibitsmelanin synthesisby means of stopping the neurotransmitter precursorL-DOPA's ability to interact withtyrosinasein the process of melanin production.Glutathione inhibits the actual production as well asagglutinationof melanin by interrupting the function of L-DOPA. Another study found that glutathione inhibits melanin formation by direct inactivation of the enzyme tyrosinase by binding andchelatingcopperwithin the enzyme's active site.Glutathione's antioxidant property allows it to inhibit melanin synthesis by quenching offree radicalsandperoxidesthat contribute to tyrosinase activation and melanin formation.Its antioxidant property also protects the skin from UV radiation and other environmental as well as internal stressors that generate free radicals that cause skin damage andhyperpigmentation.In most mammals, melanin formation consists ofeumelanin(brown-black pigment) andpheomelanin( yellow-red pigment) as either mixtures or co-polymers.Increase in glutathione level may induce the pigment cell to produce pheomelanin instead of eumelanin pigments.A research by Te-Sheng Chang found lowest levels of reduced glutathione to be associated with eumelanin type pigmentation, whereas the highest ones were associated with the pheomelanin.As a result, it is reasonable to assume that depletion of glutathione would result in eumelanin formation. Prota[observed that decreased glutathione concentration led to the conversion ofL-DopaquinonetoDopachrome, increasing the formation of brown-black pigment (eumelanin).
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